EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERIES DURING MODERN PERIOD.
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERIES DURING MODERN PERIOD. Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Carl Ritter (1779–1859) and Charles Darwin (1809–1882) INTRODUCTION The modern period of exploration and discovery, particularly in the 19th century, marked a shift from mere descriptive exploration to scientific, systematic, and empirical investigation. Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter are recognized as the founders of modern geography, while Charles Darwin transformed biology and natural history, all driven by intensive, firsthand exploration and observation. Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) Alexander Von Humboldt The "Father of Modern Geography" Hu mboldt's approach was characterized by a holistic, empirical, and interdisciplinary method known as Humboldtian Science. 1. Scientific Expeditions: His 1799–1804 expedition to Latin America with Aimé Bonpland is considered the 'second scientific discovery of America'. He explored the Orinoco River, the Andes, Mexico, and C...